The Guardian August 11, 2004


Déjà vu from British to American Empire

The central part of The Declaration of Independence of the 
United States of America brings on a rush of déjà vu. In 
announcing "the necessity" to "alter their former Systems of 
Government" because of colonial occupation by Britain, those 
founding the new republic recited the reasons why. It is like the 
summation of the actions of a certain superpower bully that have 
been repeated over and over and reads like a dress rehearsal for 
you-know-who in you-know-where. Read for yourself:

The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of 
repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object 
the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and 
necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and 
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his 
Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly 
neglected to attend them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large 
districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the 
right to Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable 
to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, 
uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public 
Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance 
with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing 
with manly firmness his invasions of the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause 
others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable 
of Annihilation, have returned to their People at large for their 
exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the 
dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions from within.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his 
Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of 
their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of 
Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without 
the Consent of our legislature.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and 
superior to the Civil Power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction 
foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our law; 
giving his Assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For 
quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting 
them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they 
should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off 
our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us 
without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the 
benefits of Trail by Jury: For transporting us beyond Seas to be 
tried for pretended offence.

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring 
Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and 
enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example 
and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule in 
these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most 
valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our 
Governments: for suspending our Legislature, and declaring 
themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases 
whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his 
Protection, and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, 
and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign 
mercenaries to complete the work of death, desolation and 
tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy 
scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally 
unworthy the Head of a civilised nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high 
Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the 
executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves 
by their Hands.

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for 
Redress in the most humble of terms: Our repeated Petitions have 
been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character 
is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit 
to be the ruler of a free people.

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